I have spoken with many people, from business owners to HR personnel, about the subject of marketing. Many of the people in our conversations have a narrow view of marketing and generally relate marketing to sales.

Now, I would have to say marketing ranks at the top of any subject; and yes, nothing happens without sales.

Without sales, businesses do not need inventory, computers, delivery drivers, stockers and cashiers, computers, engineers, IT departments, accountants, etc. Yet the service of professionals and workers is not limited to business, nor is sales.

Sales must happen in non-profit business, schools and government institutions. These entities must solicit services or products to generate income. To give an example, the University of Texas at the Permian Basin offers a free, four-year education. Dillards, Best Buy and other retailers offer free services too. The idea is to get customers. Customers (students or the public) will spend money.

Other ways to solicit money is to ask for donations, investment money or get a loan. Even getting a loan requires pitching one’s self to the banker by showing personal financial statements or business plans in order for the banker “buy” your idea or needs. If you have ever been on a date or made a marriage proposal, you dressed up (or to the occasion) to promote yourself and asked the other person to go with or marry you.

As you can see, sales is in everything and eventually to close the deal, you must ask for the business, so-to-speak.

Going beyond sales, customer service and promotions, marketing includes more. Obviously, promotion includes sales and advertising, but also give-a-ways, rebates, etc. In order to know what amount of money or items can be given away or discounted, pricing is part of marketing and includes accounting functions.

The accounting side will take into consideration all costs, such as product costs, freight, commissions, rent, cost per mile (for delivery), utilities, depreciation, etc. in order to project the necessary amount of sales in relation to the changing margins from discounts and markup in order to break even or meet a desired financial goal. Therefore, to understand marketing, you must also understand accounting.

Moving from accounting and the pricing side of marketing, the next is place or distribution. The place is not just at the corner of 1st and Main, selling locally, but also includes the distribution of the products. Will you sell locally or regionally? Where does the supply come from? Imports, manufacturers, distributors, etc. Even manufactures must find their sources of materials, just as a bank has a pipeline for money and distributes throughout a channel. Speaking of distribution, will the products come by rail, LTL (less than truck load), ground or air service, etc. Do you buy by the box, case, or truckload. What are the dimensions of the container to know how the shipping will be priced so you can figure your costs? Service companies also distribute their products – fax, phone, e-mail, Fed Ex, online, etc. Can you download it? To sum it up, the place is a physical location but also a distribution method.

From distribution, pricing and promotion, the obvious thing to sell is the product itself. Is the product physical or a service. What makes one product better than another? Does the product satisfy a need or want and/or create a solution to a problem? Is there a demand for the product?

All products have life cycles…the initial or starting point, growth, maturity and decline. As a buyer once told me, “it’s not a sale unless it’s a saleable item” and a supplier stated, “don’t make my close-outs your close-outs”. Good points.

Ultimately though nothing happens without sales, but sales is just one aspect of marketing.